A number of facial products on the market aim at reducing pore size, blemishes or wrinkling. One such substance includes the application of glycolic acid via a chemical peel. Applied by a dermatologist or spa or salon professional, glycolic acid is used to reveal younger, more fresher-appearing skin underneath. However, its use is not without risks
Glycolic Acid Definition
Glycolic acid's chemical name is hydroxyacetic acid. It is a naturally occurring acid that is found naturally in small amounts in foods such as sugar cane, beets, grapes and other fruits. In addition to its applications for skin, it is used in a number of products, such as in cleaning supplies, sutures and in cleaning a variety of industrial equipment, such as dairy, food, laundry and boiler equipment. In terms of cosmetic applications, glycolic acid is diluted, then applied to the skin in a variety of concentrations. Once on the skin, its properties include penetrating and exfoliating the outer layers of skin to reveal newer, less-wrinkled skin underneath.
Products
For cosmetic applications, glycolic acid is found in a number of products. This includes anti-aging creams, serums, lotions, cleansers and toners. Glycolic acid also is used in the treatment of acne and is found in a number of spot treatments and skin creams. In higher concentrations, glycolic acid is used as a skin-peeling agent.
Safety Concerns
The United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has approved glycolic acid for use on the face. Glycolic acid is not absorbed into the bloodstream when applied; however, the FDA warns that glycolic acid must be applied in small concentrations in order to avoid adverse effects such as irritation, dry skin and peeling. Because glycolic acid reveals fresh skin underneath, this skin may be more subject to sunburn. Therefore, the FDA cautions that a person should apply sunscreen following a glycolic acid peel or application.
Recommended Percentages
Because glycolic acid may have irritating or painful effects on your skin, you should pay careful attention as to what percentage is applied when you are receiving facial treatments in order to safely experience results. For example, those who have never had a glycolic acid peel or have sensitive skin should aim for a 10 to 30 percent facial peel. Those who have more experience with chemical peels or do not have sensitive skin may be able to safely and comfortably support a higher percentage peel, such as 40 to 50 percent.
FDA Safety Recommendations
While glycolic acid is considered safe for usage (particularly in smaller proportions), the FDA recommends the following steps be observed before applying glycolic acid to the entire face: First, a small amount of glycolic acid should be tested on a small patch of skin prior to using it on the entire face. If any irritation or redness occurs, cease the use of glycolic acid. Second, all application instructions should be followed on the label, and you should not exceed the number of applications recommended by your skin-care professional. Third, glycolic acid products should never be used on babies or young children. Finally, use a sun protection product following application.
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