1. Listen Up
One of the most telling signs that a bone is broken is the sound it made during the injury. If you heard a snapping or grinding noise, you should assume the bone is broken and have it X-rayed. A popping noise can also indicate a joint is dislocated or a ligament is torn.
2. You Can See it
A broken bone that breaks through the skin is called a compound fracture or an open fracture. It's usually obvious the bone is broken because you can see the broken bone protruding through the skin. However, the amount of blood and swelling could make it difficult to see the bone. Never attempt to clean the wound yourself. This is a serious break that needs medical attention immediately. Compound fractures need to be cleaned and set in a sterile operating room. Other types of fractures might be visible but not break the skin. An odd lump or deformity needs to be X-rayed to determine if it's a displaced bone.
3. It Hurts
The pain associated with a broken bone is similar to a sprain, and an X-ray is needed to determine the type of injury. The bone might be broken if it's painful to bear weight on the injury. The location of the break will likely be very tender, especially when it's touched. It might be difficult and painful to move the injured area.
4. Color Changes
A broken limb usually turns black and blue shortly after the injury. Severe bruising could also indicate a contusion or a sprain. Broken bones sometimes cut off the blood's circulation to the limb. To check circulation, gently press on the skin near the injury on the farthest side from the heart. The skin on a limb with adequate circulation turns white with pressure and then pinks up after a few seconds.
5. Watch for Swelling
Broken bones usually swell immediately, but the swelling might not be noticed for several hours after the injury, especially if the bone belongs to an active youngster. Many injuries swell, including sprains and strains. If the swelling doesn't subside with ice and elevation, the injury is likely a broken bone and should be X-rayed. It can take up to a week for the swelling to go down enough for the bone to be placed in a cast.
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