Radiation therapy, the use of high-energy ionizing radiation, is used to treat various cancers. Radiation is administered directly to the location of the tumor to destroy the genetic material in the cancer cells, thereby inhibiting them from dividing and growing. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system responsible for the secretion and flow of fluids through the urethra. Changes in the prostate caused by radiation treatments can have side effects not only on the prostate but also on the reproductive system.
Prostatitis
Prostatitis is a general term used to describe any disease that affects the prostate gland, causing pain in the groin, abdomen or lower back, painful urination and difficulty urinating. Prostatitis usually involves inflammation of the prostate which, because of its close proximity to the bladder, urethra and penis, causes the painful and difficult urination.
Prostatitis can be a side effect of radiation administered to the pelvis region. The radiation can damage the normal cells in the prostate inducing inflammation and triggering the related symptoms.
Infertility
The prostate is responsible for making much of the fluid for semen, which is the ejaculatory fluid that carries the sperm. This alkaline fluid is important in delivering the sperm to the female and also in keeping the sperm alive.
Radiation therapy can damage the healthy cells in the prostate and interfere with its ability to produce enough seminal fluid. Without enough protective fluid, there is no ejaculation or if there is, the sperm will not survive the acidic vaginal environment therefore leading to infertility.
Impotence
Impotence is the inability to obtain and sustain an erection. The prostate helps to enhance the pleasurable sensations of arousal and orgasm. A damaged, enlarged or inflamed prostate is known to interfere with sexual function leading to impotence.
Most men receiving radiation therapy to the pelvic region will experience some degree of impotence and although it is usually temporary, up to 50 percent of men report a permanent change in their sexual desire and performance.
