Dilantin (phenytoin sodium) is an anticonvulsant medication that is chemically related to barbiturates. It is effectively used for the treatment of a number of different types of seizure disorders, but may pose the risk of cognitive side effects.
Confusion
As Dilantin slows electrical impulses within the brain to reduce seizure activity, it may also affect the ability to think clearly. These slowed impulses may result in mental confusion and memory loss. This cognitive side effect may impact children's ability to learn. It may also possibly be a larger risk in elderly patients who may be experiencing age-related memory loss.
Nervousness
Temporary anxiety or nervousness may be encountered by some patients when beginning Dilantin. This may also be accompanied by shaking or tremors. In most cases, nervousness will go away with continued use of the medication.
Dizziness
Some patients may become dizzy when taking Dilantin. In many cases, the patient will become accustomed to the medication and the dizziness may subside. If the dizziness is sudden, increases over time or is accompanied by fainting, medical attention may be needed, as it may indicate that too much Dilantin has been taken.
Slurred Speech
Slurred speech or the inability to speak clearly is a fairly common side effect of Dilantin. It may be transitory as the patient becomes accustomed to the medication. In other cases, it may indicate a need to seek medical attention if this effect occurs suddenly or increases over time, as it could indicate Dilantin toxicity.
Sleep Difficulties
Difficulty with sleep patterns may be another cognitive side effect of Dilantin. Some patients report insomnia, including both the inability to fall asleep and the inability to stay asleep. Insomnia may contribute to other cognitive side effects by increasing the chance for slowed thinking and confusion.
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Dilantin, along with many other anticonvulsant medications, may increase the risk for suicidal behavior. Patients who are started on any type of anticonvulsant medication, including Dilantin, should be monitored for worsened depression and other mood disturbance that may indicate suicidal thoughts.
