Although generally not a serious medical condition, an ingrown toenail can cause inordinate amounts of discomfort. Ingrown toenails are accompanied by redness, inflammation, tenderness and even discharge, if the nail becomes infected. The Mayo Clinic states that most of the time, an ingrown toenail affects the big toe. In many cases, ingrown toenails can be resolved without the need for medical treatment.
How It Happens
Ingrown toenails can be the result of injury, such as when you stub your toe. But they are most often the result of cutting or clipping the nail in the wrong shape--in addition to cutting them too short, notes the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Many people trim the corners of the toenail so that it conforms to the shape of the toe. But the AAOS warns that this can result in the nail curling into the skin around the toe as it grows back. Wearing ill-fitting shoes that are too short or too tight can also cause ingrown toenails.
Home Treatment
The AAOS states that an ingrown toenail be tended to as soon as possible before infection settles in. Simple home treatment can prevent the need for a visit to the doctor. The AAOS advises soaking the affected foot in warm water three or four times daily, and keeping it dry the rest of the time. Wear shoes that are roomy and comfortable, such as sandals. If the ingrown toenail becomes painful, over-the-counter pain relievers may be helpful. The AAOS advises giving home treatment between two and three days to work.
When to See Your Doctor
If an ingrown toenail is left untended or unnoticed, a serious infection can afflict the underlying bone, warns the Mayo Clinic. If the toe becomes extremely painful or the amount of discharge and redness and inflammation appears to be getting worse, a doctor's attention is warranted. Additionally, the Mayo Clinic indicates that medical treatment is appropriate for those with diabetes or circulatory disorders that affect the lower extremities who notice sores or infection on their feet.
Medical Treatment Options
For ingrown toenails that don't resolve with home treatment, partial or whole surgical removal of the nail may be necessary, according to the Mayo Clinic. This in-office procedure involves injecting the toe with anesthetic before removal. If ingrown toenails recur, the Mayo Clinic indicates that sometimes the tissue underneath the nail, as well as the nail above it, may need to be removed. Topical or oral antibiotics may also be prescribed following surgical treatment.
Ingrown Toenail Prevention
Preventing ingrown toenails is best achieved by avoiding injury to the feet and wearing shoes and socks that are roomy and comfortable, advises the AAOS. Keep your feet dry and clean. When trimming the toenails, cut them in a straight line using a sharp grooming tool. Make sure you don't trim the nail below the edge of your toe.
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