Enbrel (eternacept) is an immune-modulating medication given by subcutaneous injection for the treatment of autoimmune diseases (when the immune system attacks healthy cells). It works as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker to stop TNF from destroying healthy tissue in people who have too much of this type of protein. It is approved to treat several types of autoimmune diseases, but should not be used in those who have active infections.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Enbrel is approved for reducing the signs and symptoms of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. It works to keep joint damage from getting worse by limiting the activity of TNF. According to Immunex Corporation, the manufacturer of Enbrel, it can be effective in as little as two weeks to three months in approximately 60 percent of adults who use it. It also improves physical function, and can be used alone or with other immune-modulating treatments such as methotrexate.
Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis can be treated with Enbrel to reduce the symptoms and signs of the disorder. It can be used in combination with methotrexate in patients who need additional treatment, and has been shown to be effective in approximately 50 percent of patients with psoriatic arthritis, according to Immunex. It may begin to work in as little as four weeks or as long as six months.
Plaque Psoriasis
Plaque psoriasis is an autoimmune condition which affects the skin. Adult patients who have chronic, moderate or severe plaque psoriasis--and are candidates for systemic treatments--may be treated with Enbrel if treatment with topical medication has failed. According to Immunex, studies have indicated that up to 75 percent of patients will see improvement in treatment of plaque psoriasis and almost 50 percent will see significant improvements within three months. Enbrel appears to be effective for at least 12 months for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. (See References 1)
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints of the lower spine and hips. Enbrel can be used by adults to reduce the signs and symptoms of AS. According to Immunex, has been shown to be effective in approximately 60 percent of users within eight weeks, but approximately half show improvement within two weeks.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is an autoimmune condition affecting the joints of children. Moderate to severe polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can be treated with Enbrel in children as young as two years old. According to Immunex, approximately 75 percent of children who receive Enbrel for JIA respond favorably to the treatment, most within two to four weeks.
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