For people seeking natural, chemical-free cosmetics suitable for sensitive skin, mineral makeup is a popular choice. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, mineral makeup consists of finely crushed minerals that bond to the skin, offering long-lasting coverage and--in many cases--protection against the sun's ultraviolet radiation. Although some mineral makeups contain additional filler ingredients, most are comprised of the same basic set of minerals.
Bismuth Oxychloride
A type of naturally occurring metal, bismuth oxychloride bestows a shimmery, pearlescent quality when added to cosmetics. Due to its attractive appearance and low cost, many mineral makeup manufacturers include this mineral in their products. Those suffering from conditions such as acne and rosacea may find that bismuth oxychloride aggravates their skin, resulting in redness or breakouts. Even individuals without preexisting skin conditions may experience itchiness and irritation from this ingredient.
Zinc Oxide
Along with its role as a dietary mineral and paint pigment, zinc is a common component of mineral makeup. This ingredient lends significant opacity to cosmetics, improving a product's ability to conceal blemishes and skin flaws. As the Skin Cancer Foundation explains, zinc also serves as a natural sunscreen by deflecting ultraviolet rays away from the skin.
Mica
Mica is the most abundant ingredient in many mineral makeup products. This mineral occurs naturally in sheet-like formations, and yields either a colored or translucent sheen when powdered and added to makeup. Although mica does not provide significant coverage for skin blemishes, it does serve as a silky, non-irritating filler and may help reduce the appearance of wrinkles.
Titanium Dioxide
Titanium dioxide is a common mineral makeup ingredient with similar properties to zinc oxide. In cosmetics, it bestows a rich sheen due to its light-refracting qualities. As with zinc oxide, titanium dioxide provides significant opacity and coverage for blemishes, and also protects against sun damage by blocking ultraviolet radiation.
Iron Oxides
Iron oxides--occurring in a wide array of colors such as blue, yellow, red, black, orange and maroon--serve as pigments for mineral makeup. Although raw iron oxides are too toxic for cosmetic use, the varieties used in mineral makeup undergo a purification process to ensure their safety. Only a small amount of iron oxide is needed for colorization in cosmetics.
Non-Mineral Ingredients
Some mineral makeups contain additional filler products that are not derived from minerals. Manufacturers occasionally include rice starch for its translucence and skin-soothing properties. Corn starch, also known by its technical name "zea mays," is sometimes added for its absorbency and pleasing texture.
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