Chlorhexidine gluconate is an antimicrobial oral rinse that helps kill bacteria in the mouth. It is used to treat gingivitis, a condition characterized by redness and swelling of the gums, and bleeding from the gums after probing. Therapy can last for several months and requires regular follow up with a dentist.
General Side Effects
Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse can cause discoloration of the teeth, restorative work surfaces such as crowns, and the tongue. The longer you use of chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse, the greater the incidence of stains. Stains typically can be removed by traditional dental cleaning techniques. Some patients report an alteration in taste from chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse. In rare instances, permanent changes in taste have been reported.
Sensitivity
The National Institute of Health (NIH) reports that sensitivity reactions to chlorhexidine gluconate have been experienced and include oral irritation and local allergy-type symptoms. For example, redness, swelling of mucosa, ulcers, a coated tongue and geographic tongue (white patches on the tongue that form shapes resembling geographic images) are some of the symptoms patients may experience if sensitive to chlorhexidine gluconate.
The development of dryness, numbness and tingling sensations in the mouth have also been reported, according to the NIH. There have been some cases of parotid gland swelling and inflammation of the salivary glands while taking chlorhexidine, as well.
Other Considerations
Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse should not be used in children younger than age 18 because the effectiveness and safe use of the medication has not been established for that age group. Overdose in a child can occur by ingestion of just 1 to 2 ounces of chlorhexidine gluconate, resulting in nausea and signs of alcohol intoxication. Medical care should be sought if ingestion by a child is suspected.
The effects of chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse have also not been established during pregnancy or for nursing mothers. The risk of birth defects when using this medication is unknown. It has also not been established whether chlorhexidine gluconate is excreted in breast milk. Therefore, use should be avoided by pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers.
The effects of chlorhexidine gluconate on periodontitis have not been determined and cautious use for patients with this condition is advised. An increase in calculus (mineral salt deposits) formation below the gum line can occur in some patients, requiring removal by a dentist.
