According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. It is caused by a variety of inherited and environmental influences. Treatment for cancer is dependent on the stage of the disease, age of the patient and overall health status. Know the caution signs and share them with your family and friends. You, in conjunction with your physician, are your best defense against cancer.
Persistent Cough
A persistent cough or hoarseness should be checked by a physician. You will be asked if the cough produces sputum or if it is dry. If you have sputum, you may be asked to provide a sample. It is important to know when you cough: whether it is when you arise in the morning, when you are trying to sleep or when you exercise. You will be asked if you have any other symptoms, such as hoarseness, fever or pain. Your lungs will be checked and your smoking history questioned.
Sores With Poor Healing
Most of the wounds on the body heal promptly. If one does not, there could be an underlying problem at that area, or your immune system could be functioning poorly. Also, you could be getting poor circulation to the sore for a variety of reasons. A physician can check the area to determine if it is a cancerous condition. You will be asked when the sore first occurred and what caused it. You may also be asked what you have done to treat the sore.
Lumps
While most lumps or thickened areas in the body are benign, all should be checked by a physician. According to the Mayo Clinic, cancerous lumps may be found in the breasts of both women and men. Lumps may be also be found in the testicles, lymph node areas or any surface on the body. For lumps outside the breast, you will be queried about recent illnesses or injuries. Some health professionals recommend monthly breast and testicular self-exams.
Change in a Mole
Check your skin monthly for new moles, or changes in moles or warts. Familiarize yourself with the ABCDE's of skin cancer: asymmetry, border, color, diameter and elevation. This means that moles that have asymmetry (not alike on both sides), irregular borders, changing or multiple colors, diameter larger than a pencil eraser or an elevation with an irregular surface should be checked by a physician. The physician will examine your skin, ask about your sunburn history, and possibly conduct a biopsy or mole removal.
Change in Bladder or Bowel Patterns
Notify your physician if your bladder habits change. Most young adults urinate five to six times a day, with no more than one of those times occurring during the night. Older adults may void slightly more frequently. Having a bowel movement between twice a day and once every two days is normal. If you notice any sudden or gradual change in your elimination patterns, including difficulty voiding or defecating, your physician will conduct a physical exam and ask health questions to determine why the change has occurred.
Indigestion or Trouble Swallowing
If you have chronic indigestion or any level of difficulty swallowing, a checkup is in order. You will be asked when your symptoms began, and a physical exam will be conducted. You may be asked about your eating patterns and any recent illnesses.
Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
Unexplained bleeding other than menstruation is a sign that something is wrong. If you notice bleeding from your rectum, vagina, stomach, lungs or anywhere else, see your physician. Unusual discharge should also be checked. Expect to be asked when your symptoms began and whether you are having any pain or other symptoms.
Other Signs
According to the American Cancer Society, you should also watch for pain, white patches in your mouth, fever, unplanned weight loss, unusual tiredness and changes to your skin.
