The spleen is an internal organ located in the upper left part of your abdomen, under your diaphragm and behind the stomach. It looks like a small rounded catcher's mitt with several notches on it, according to the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. A healthy spleen weighs about 6 ounces and contains numerous vessels that enable blood and other fluids to circulate in the body. Despite its small size--approximately 5 inches by 3 inches--it is a very busy organ.
Blood
According to the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, one of the main functions of the spleen is to filter your blood. Any old or damaged blood cells are broken down in the spleen, while healthy blood cells flow through the spleen. Parts of the damaged cells that may be beneficial, like iron, are stored by the spleen and returned to your bone marrow. The spleen also stores up to a full cup of blood in the event that your body loses blood and immediately needs more to function.
Immune System
Your immune system helps your body fight infection, and the spleen is part of the immune system. When any foreign microbes like viruses are in your body, the spleen can identify them and produce lymphocytes, which help your body defend itself against infection and help produce antibodies. These antibodies then circulate around the body, helping to stop infection.
Living Without a Spleen
In some cases, your spleen may have to be removed. It is still possible to have an active life. Without the immune system properties of the spleen, however, you may be more likely to get infections, so your health care provider may recommend extra vaccines and antibiotics as preventive measures. Some cancers, diseases and infections may cause the spleen to enlarge, which is called splenomegaly, according to the Mayo Clinic. Treatment for an enlarged spleen generally depends on the underlying problem causing the swelling, but may involve removal of the spleen. If your body experiences a trauma, especially a hit to the abdomen, your spleen can rupture. Without immediate treatment, this can be life-threatening. The spleen may not have to be removed; surgeons may be able to repair your spleen if it ruptures.
