Statins are a class of medications typically prescribed for those who are diagnosed with high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), or bad cholesterol. According to the American Heart Association, statins work by reducing the amount of cholesterol being produced in your intestines. Currently, six statins are available by prescription for this purpose. Because of the way they work, their side effects and risks vary little.
Common Side Effects of Statins
Although the side effects you experience may vary slightly depending on the statin you are prescribed, there are common side effects that may accompany all statins. These side effects include headache, general weakness, constipation and diarrhea. You may also find an increase in flatulence (gas) and indigestion. Nausea and abdominal pain are also commonly reported among those taking these medications. These side effects should begin to subside as your body becomes acclimated to the medication. If they do not, or your find they are worsening, speak with your doctor.
Muscular Damage
One of the most dangerous side effects associated with statins is muscular deterioration; however this is also considered a rare side effect. The Mayo Clinic states that you may suffer from a condition known as statin myopathy (muscle pain and tenderness), or a more severe case that results in a condition known as rhabdomyolysis. This causes the cells of the muscles to break down, releasing myoglobin (a protein) into your bloodstream. This process is detrimental to your muscles and your kidneys as well, because myoglobin causes kidney damage. Your risk of developing rhabdomyolysis depends on the dose of your statin; the higher the dose, the greater your risk. Certain medications combined with your stain can also increase your risk. These medications include antifungal medications, gemfibrozil, nefazodone and niacin, another cholesterol-lowering drug. In the event that muscular damage begins or begins to worsen, your doctor will generally discontinue your use of statins and place you on another cholesterol-lowering medication.
Damage to Your Liver
While taking a statin, it is common for your doctor to perform routine blood tests because statins can cause an increase in your liver enzymes. In most cases, if your liver enzymes are too high, your doctor will discontinue your medication to prevent liver damage from occurring. If your doctor does not monitor your enzymes on a regular basis and they remain elevated too long, liver damage, a condition that is irreversible, can ensue.
Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy causes pain or numbness in your fingers or toes. According to the National Library of Medicine, all cases of reversible peripheral neuropathy that have been reported are associated all with long-term statin use. Four patients were observed, and the symptoms were noted as lasting between 10 weeks and one year after discontinuation of the statin.
