There are many different types of birth control options on the market. Three of the most commonly used methods are birth control pills, IUDs (intrauterine devices), and Depo Provera (birth control shot). There are many birth control ingredients used to make these products effective.
Birth Control Pills
Birth control pills (oral contraceptives) are a popular method of birth control. They have minimal side effects, and provide adequate protection from pregnancy. There are two different types of pills on the market: combination pills which contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone, and progesterone-only pills (sometimes referred to as the mini pill). Both estrogen and progesterone work in your body by inhibiting ovulation each month, preventing the sperm from fertilizing the egg and changing the lining of the uterus. Though both types are effective, according to Children's Hospital in Boston, combination pills offer 99 percent protection against pregnancy, while the progesterone-only pill offers 98 percent protection. There are inactive ingredients in birth control pills, none of which are known to cause adverse reactions. Inactive ingredients vary with each manufacturer.
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
IUDs protect against pregnancy by not allowing a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus. They also alter the uterine lining to further inhibit conception. There are currently two types of IUDs on the market: Para Gard, which is made of plastic and copper, and does not contain any hormones, and Mirena, a plastic device that contains a small amount of synthetic progesterone (levonorgestrel). Both versions are equally effective at preventing pregnancy. Some women using Para Gard report heavier, more painful periods each month which usually subside after the first year of use. While using Mirena, some women might stop menstruating, which some users consider to be a desirable side effect.
Depo Provera
Depo Provera is administered through injection. It contains a synthetic form of progesterone called medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). This ingredient works by suppressing ovulation and altering cervical mucous, making it a less friendly environment for sperm. According to the manufacturer, Depo Provera is 99 percent effective when given every 3 months.
