Diuretics are one of the best medications prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension). Diuretics function by removing excess water and sodium from the body and delivering it to the kidneys to be excreted in urine. A decrease in fluid retention overall reduces the amount of pressure within the arteries, thus reducing blood pressure.
Thiazide medication is a type of diuretic that is frequently prescribed because it is cardioprotective, meaning it protects patients against heart failure and stroke. The following are commonly prescribed thiazide medications that typically work best for reducing high blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide is the most commonly used diuretic for the treatment of hypertension. Hydrochlorothiazide works by blocking the re-absorption of sodium at the distal renal tubules, allowing for a decrease in cardiac output. Leonard Lilly, M.D., states this medication is a good option for hypertensive patients due to its low cost, effectiveness and proven benefits in reducing the risk of cardiac events and stroke.
Hydrochlorothiazide may be prescribed in tablet or liquid form and is taken orally. Patients are required to take it once or twice a day. To learn your particular dosage, read the prescription label carefully. If you do not understand or have any questions regarding your medication talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Hydrochlorothiazide is typically well-tolerated, but its main side effects include light-headedness, dizziness, blurred vision, itching, upset stomach, headache and weakness. Be alert to allergic reaction symptoms such as a rash, swelling, severe dizziness or trouble breathing.
Chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide is another commonly prescribed diuretic; it allows the kidneys to excrete excess water and salt from the body in urine, according to the National Institutes of Health. This drug has also been used to prevent kidney stones in patients with hypercalcemia (high blood calcium levels) and to treat patients with diabetes insipidus.
Chlorothiazide must be taken orally and is in tablet or liquid form. It usually is taken once or twice a day. Please take this medication as directed on the prescription label to prevent overdosing. This medication should be taken with a meal or snack.
Chlorothiazide may cause frequent urination when first beginning the medication but should cease after a few weeks. Stand up slowly when sitting or lying down to prevent lightheadedness or dizziness. Please tell your doctor if the following symptoms are persistent or severe: muscle weakness, dizziness, cramps, thirst, stomach pan or upset stomach. If you experience unusual bleeding, bruising or have difficulty breathing, call your doctor immediately.
Metolazone
Metolazone is commonly prescribed to hypertensive patients. Metolazone's main function is to remove access water from the body. This medication is in tablet form and must be taken orally. Patients on this medication typically take it only once a day. Take metolazone as directed on the prescription label. If you have any questions regarding your medication, please speak with your physician or the pharmacist.
Metolazone may cause minor side effects that include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, headache or muscle cramps. Please tell your doctor if any of these symptoms interfere with your daily life.
