Chronic complication can be extremely uncomfortable, causing cramps, bloating and stomach pain. Poor dietary habits, lack of exercise or fluids, certain medications as well as health conditions can lead to the problem. Temporary cases of constipation can be treated with over-the-counter laxatives or other interventions; however, chronic constipation can cause complications.
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are a common condition, particularly for those who are middle aged, pregnant, obese or experience chronic diarrhea or constipation, according to the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center College of Medicine. For those with chronic constipation, passing hard stools may stretch the sphincter muscle, resulting in hemorrhoids. Sometimes called piles, hemorrhoids are masses of dilated veins that can appear internally or externally. Internal hemorrhoids can cause bright red blood to appear after a bowel movement. External piles may cause bothersome itching, burning and pain. They may also swell and make sitting for long periods uncomfortable. Treatments for hemorrhoids depend upon their severity but can include over-the-counter remedies to relieve distress. Consult your doctor if you notice frequent bleeding or if hemorrhoids cause extreme discomfort.
Fecal Impaction
Chronic constipation can cause impaction, an accumulation of hardened stool that cannot be passed normally. According to the Mayo Clinic, impacted stool may require manual removal, which requires a health care provider to insert his fingers into the rectum and break up the hardened stool (a simple but uncomfortable procedure). Medications may also be used, such as stool softeners or fiber supplements. In addition, mineral oil enemas are often used to soften the fecal impaction, though they are generally not sufficient for removing large impactions. In rare cases, fecal impaction can lead to megacolon (a widening of the colon) or a complete blockage. Emergency surgery may be required to remove the impaction, according to Medline Plus.
Lazy Bowel Syndrome
Individuals with chronic constipation may use laxatives to pass stool. While these aides are helpful for occasional use, habitual use can lead to dependence and a condition called lazy bowel syndrome. Lazy bowel syndrome occurs when the bowels cease proper functioning, requiring laxatives to support normal bowel movements. In addition, persistent use of laxatives can lead to other complications, damaging the intestinal tract and causing poor absorption of vitamins and nutrients, according to the Mayo Clinic.
