1. DEXA Scanning
Osteoporosis is a loss of bone density that can lead to hip and other bone fractures, cause pain and severely limiting mobility. DEXA scanning (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) is the most popular and most recommended test for bone density, and helps to detect osteoporosis in early stages. DEXA scanning is like a simple x-ray, but uses less radiation and you often do not need to get undressed to have the test performed. A DEXA scan usually involves measurement of the hips and/or lower spine to measure bone density. If you are tall and thin, petite, have a family history of osteoporosis, smoke, are entering or past menopause, or have a history of digestive problems or low calcium intake, you should get a DEXA scan every 2 years or even more often. Talk to your doctor about your risks for osteoporosis and if the time is right for you to have a DEXA scan now.
2. Peripheral DEXA Scans
Peripheral DEXA scans are a convenient and quick method of testing bone density or monitoring progress of any osteoporosis-treatment regimen. Peripheral DEXA scans use x-rays or sometimes ultrasound waves to measure bone density in the heel of the foot, wrist or finger. Peripheral DEXA scans take only minutes to perform, are much more convenient than a standard DEXA scan and you can usually receive the results directly from the person who performs the test within minutes. Ask your doctor for this test to monitor your risk. You can also call your local hospital or community center--they often offer free or low-cost peripheral DEXA scan tests--or visit the next health fair in your area since these events always have one or more booths offering this quick and easy bone density test.
3. CAT Scans
CAT (Computerized Axial Tomography) scans are full body x-ray scans that can be used to measure bone density. A CAT scan takes x-ray images from multiple angles and pieces them together to form a more detailed image of the body. CAT scans take longer than a DEXA or peripheral DEXA scan to perform and are much more expensive. Talk to your doctor about whether or not a CAT scan is right for you to determine your risk of osteoporosis.
4. Urine and Blood Tests
Urine tests are used to measure the levels of bone breakdown products that appear in the urine. Blood tests are used to measure the levels of calcium in the blood and monitor other body systems that may affect bone loss. Urine and blood tests cannot measure bone density though--they only show if there is bone loss occurring or if there are risk factors for bone loss. If you are at risk for osteoporosis and have shown signs of osteoporosis development through DEXA or other bone density tests, ask your doctor for regular urine and/or blood tests to monitor the treatment you are on. Ask for copies of these test results to keep in your own files.
