There are two forms of bronchodilator medicines. The first is theophylline, a pill, syrup or solution sold under such names as Phyllocontin and Norphyl. The second is an adrenergic bronchodilator that's inhaled. This type is sold as Accuneb, Serevent, Maxair, Xopenex, Ventolin, ProAir HFA and many other brand names. In both cases, the drugs are used in the treatment of lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema and bronchitis to help open air passages known as bronchial tubes in the lungs.
Serious Side Effects
Taking theophylline may cause some serious side effects. Consult your physician as soon as possible if you experience side effects such as vomiting, hives, heartburn or a skin rash. All of these side effects are listed as less common or rare by the Mayo Clinic.
Inhaling a bronchodilator also may cause serious side effects, all of which are rare and unexplained but have been reported by patients taking the medication. These include chest tightness, severe dizziness, wheezing when breathing, throat swelling or irritation that may cause the sensation of choking, and breathing difficulties that may include loud breathing. Others may include red skin or flushing, swollen eyelids, shortness of breath that is increased, lip swelling, skin rash or facial swelling.
Temporary Side Effects
The oral form of bronchodilator medication also may cause side effects that are temporary and may not require a doctor's attention. Check with her if they continue past the initial stages of using the drug, or if they annoy you. The Mayo Clinic reports as less common these temporary side effects: insomnia, headaches, trembling, a rapid heart rate called tachycardia, nervousness, increased urination and nausea.
The inhaled form of a bronchodilator may cause more common temporary side effects such as trembling, nervousness, headaches and tachycardia. Less common temporary side effects include irritation or dryness of the throat or mouth, bronchial irritation such as coughing, and lightheadedness or dizziness. Rare, temporary side effects include insomnia, restlessness, chest discomfort, vomiting, drowsiness, nausea, body weakness and twitching or cramps in the muscles.
Toxicity Side Effects
Oral bronchodilator drugs also may produce toxicity side effects, but these are not reported in the inhaled version, according to the Mayo Clinic. According to Drugs.com, these side effects may include continual trembling, severe and continual abdominal pain, continual restlessness or nervousness, behavioral changes, confusion, arrhythmia or an irregular heartbeat, tachycardia, diarrhea and dark vomit that contains blood. You also may experience seizures.
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