Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that results from damage to the nerves and the protective covers (myelin sheaths) of the nerves. MS affects the central nervous system (CNS) because it interferes with the communication the nerves have between the brain, spinal cord and other parts of the body, states the National MS Society. The miscommunication of the nerve signals results in the primary symptoms of the condition. Symptoms of MS depend on the location of the nerve damage as well as its severity.
Fatigue
The National MS Society lists several common side effects. The most common of these is fatigue, occurring in about 80 percent of people with MS. This symptom can have a significant impact on daily life, even resulting in prolonged bed rest periodically.
Numbness
Parts of the body can become numb from the nerve misfirings, including the face, body or the arms and legs. MS results in balance, walking and coordination problems in many patients with the condition. The Mayo Clinic elaborates that sometimes the numbness or tingling can occur on only one side of the body or just the bottom half.
Body Function Problems
Carrying out normal functions like urine and bowel elimination or sexual intercourse can be difficult. Minor to moderate leakage of urine or bowels can occur. Erection and arousal problems can develop due to the lack of direct communication from the nerves to the brain. Pain is common and is one of the more debilitating symptoms of MS. Some patients experience chronic recurrences of pain, while others have some pain constantly. The pain can be moderate enough to make life activities difficult or impossible.
Cognitive Symptoms
Mental changes from slow nerve communication, pain or fatigue can occur. These include trouble carrying out problem-solving tasks, focusing, understanding language, depression, irritability and other mood changes. Some patients can fluctuate from anger and extreme elation to severe sadness and uncontrollable crying.
Less-Common Symptoms
Some patients can experience other symptoms of MS. These include trouble speaking, slowed speech or slurred speech. These symptoms are due to the slowed nerve communication. Patients may report trouble swallowing or breathing for the same reasons. Headache, hearing loss, seizures, tremors or itching are other infrequent symptoms. The National MS Society explains that itching is due to skin sensations from abnormal nerve functions. The Mayo Clinic indicates the vision problems can be due to partial or complete inability to move the eyes. Double vision or blurred vision can add to the complications of sight.
