Oral and genital herpes are caused by the herpes simplex virus. Although there is no cure for herpes, oral medications are available to treat initial outbreaks and recurrences, and to help prevent future outbreaks. Prescription and over-the-counter topical treatments offer another effective treatment alternative, helping to decrease painful and bothersome symptoms that occur during outbreaks.
Topical Acyclovir
Topical acyclovir is a prescription antiviral medication available as a cream or ointment that's used to treat genital or oral herpes simplex virus infections. It may be applied directly to herpes lesions. However, according to the Mayo Clinic, it's best used at the onset of outbreak symptoms (prodrome) and is often signified by pain, tingling, burning or blister formation. To avoid spreading the infection to other areas of the skin, use a disposable glove to apply the cream. Common side effects of topical acyclovir include itching, stinging, burning or mild pain in the area of application. Rarely, a skin rash or redness may also occur. If you develop these or any other symptoms that worsen or don't go away, contact your doctor.
Penciclovir Cream
Penciclovir cream is a prescription antiviral medication used to relieve symptoms of pain and itching associated with oral herpes. It's intended for use in the treatment of cold sores that occur on the face and lips that are caused by the herpes simplex virus. The cream should be used as directed by your doctor and applied as soon as possible after symptoms appear. According to the National Institutes of Health, penciclovir can cause a headache or irritation at the site of application. Contact your physician if these side effects become severe or do not go away.
Docosanol
The only FDA-approved over-the-counter treatment clinically proven to speed the healing of cold sores caused by the herpes virus is docosanol. Docosanol is an antiviral medication available in cream form that helps oral herpes infections heal more quickly and reduces associated pain, itching and discomfort. According to the Mayo Clinic, docosanol may commonly cause people to develop a headache. Less common side effects include superficial changes to the skin including acne, burning, itching, dryness, redness, swelling, tenderness or a rash. If any of these symptoms persist or become bothersome, call your doctor.
Though other over-the-counter topical treatments are available, many only serve to numb the area and provide temporary relief. According to the American Social Health Association, some of these medications may cause more irritation to the affected area because of repeated applications, ultimately prolonging the healing process.
