Allergy symptoms and reactions are unique to each individual, and can range from very mild to life-threatening. Knowing what you are allergic to will help prepare you for symptoms and reactions as they appear. In some cases, avoiding the allergen will completely eliminate the symptoms. Some of the milder symptoms can be tolerated without medication, while others must be treated by a physician.
Eyes
Airborne allergens can affect the eyes, causing redness, swelling, itching and watering. Avoid scratching or rubbing your eyes when they begin to itch, as this may lead to an eye infection. Cool compresses placed over the eyes may relieve some of the swelling and irritation. A doctor can prescribe eye drops to reduce the itching when symptoms occur.
Nose
Pollen, pet dander and other airborne allergens can affect the sinuses and nasal cavities. Runny nose, sneezing, congestion and sinus headaches are all symptoms of nasal reactions to allergens. Nasal allergies can be treated with nasal sprays and over-the-counter antihistamines. Severe nasal reactions that lead to nosebleeds or infections should be reported to your family physician to make sure that nothing more serious is happening.
Chest/Throat
Asthma-like allergy symptoms affect the chest and throat, and include wheezing, coughing and chest tightness. Inflammation of the bronchial tubes and a buildup of mucus may lead to uncontrollable coughing. Severe tightness, pressure and congestion in the chest and throat can signal an anaphylactic shock, and should be treated immediately.
Skin
Symptoms of allergic reactions involving the skin include hives, rashes, blisters, itchiness and swelling. These can be caused by food, chemicals coming in contact with the skin or insect bites. Skin reactions caused by food tend to be systemic and cover large portions of the body. Insect bites, on the other hand, may cause redness, swelling and itching near the affected area. In some cases, such as bee stings, anaphylactic shock may occur. People who have this type of allergy should invest in an epi-pen to help relieve the symptoms until they can get to an emergency room.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock, occurs when a person is exposed to an allergen and the bronchial tubes become inflamed and constrict the airway. If the reaction is sever enough, the airway can become completely blocked and could result in death. When signs of anaphyaxis begin, seek medical attention immediately. This is a severe reaction and will not go away on its own.
References
- Mayo Clinic: Allergy Symptoms
- "Prescription for Nutritional Healing"; Phyllis Balch; 2006
