Hypocalcemia is a medical condition caused by low levels of calcium in the blood. This condition most frequently occurs in newborn infants, but can affect people of any age. Hypocalcemia can be caused by a number of factors, including premature birth, infection, gestational diabetes, stress or use of certain medications. Depending on the severity, duration or progression of this condition, clinical effects may be completely absent or be life-threatening in certain people.
Neurological Effects
People with hypocalcemia are in danger of developing a number of clinical effects associated with neurological function. Adults and children with this condition may develop cognitive dysfunction such as dementia or mental retardation, respectively. Seizures may also occur, according to the Cleveland Clinic Center for Continuing Education. Newborn infants typically do not develop seizures, but may appear jittery. Hypocalcemia patients may also exhibit emotional problems, such as depression or anxiety. Depending on the duration of the disease, calcification---the buildup of calcium---may also occur within the brain, which may cause additional neurological symptoms to develop.
Muscular Effects
Muscle aches are common amongst people with hypocalcemia, and muscle spasms or muscle stiffening may also occur. Muscle spasms in the throat may lead to additional problems, such as difficulty breathing. Hypocalcemia may also cause tingling, burning or pricking sensations to develop on the lips, tongue, fingers or feet.
Cardiovascular Effects
Arrhythmia---an abnormal heartbeat---may occur in certain people with this condition. Hypotension, or low blood pressure, may develop in some people who have low levels of blood calcium. These cardiovascular abnormalities may cause people with hypocalcemia to be at an increased risk of developing congestive heart failure, according to the Cleveland Clinic Center for Continuing Education.
Additional Effects
Skin changes such as inflammation, discoloration or itching may develop in certain hypocalcemia patients. Problems with vision, such as cataracts, may also be exhibited by patients with this condition.
