Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that affects the central nervous system. According to MedlinePlus, the specific mechanism of how multiple sclerosis is triggered is not known; it may be an autoimmune disease, which occurs when the immune system attacks the body. MedlinePlus reports that MS is characterized by damage to the myelin sheath, which is a protective layer that surrounds nerve cells. Without protection, nerve cells become damaged, leading to possibly severe symptoms.
Visual Disturbances
According to an article on MS in the "Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)," visual disturbances are a possible symptom of MS, including problems with the eyes and visual perception. This can manifest as pain in or around the eye. There may also be distortions of sight and diminished or complete loss of sight in one or both eyes. "JAMA" notes that color perception may also become impaired.
Fatigue and/or Muscle Weakness
Nerve cells serve as conduits of communication between the brain and the muscles. If certain nerves become damaged, "JAMA" reports that people suffering from MS may experience muscle weakness. They may also experience a feeling of overall tiredness or fatigue. According to MedlinePlus, problems with coordination are also possible due to defective signaling between the brain and muscles. As a result of muscle weakness and loss of muscle control, "JAMA" notes that MS patients may suffer from lack of bladder and/or bowel control.
Sensation Disturbances
Nerves are also the principle means by which feelings of temperature and pressure are transmitted to our brains. Thus, when nerves become damaged as a result of MS, there may also be disturbances in sensation. MedlinePlus lists a feeling of "pins and needles" as a possible symptom.
