An allergy is a special type of immune reaction in the body to a particular allergen or substance. Often the allergen or substance is found in the environment like pollen, peanuts or a particular medication. Symptoms of an allergic attack can present as mild cases or moderate and severe. The main factors that determine the symptoms of the allergy are the route of exposure, frequency of exposure and the extent of the exposure. Common mild allergy symptoms include watery, itchy eyes, sinus congestion, local swelling of affected tissues, irritation of the skin (rash), sneezing and runny nose or nasal drip.
Eye Irritation
Eyes are a common place for allergic symptoms because they are usually open and exposed to the environment. Any number of irritants can cause allergic reactions in the eyes including chemicals, pollens and animal dander. These allergans can cause the eyes to swell and turn red from the irritants. Watery eyes can be managed by eye drops or by over-the-counter anti-histamines
Sinus Congestion
Sinus congestion represents the early stage of the allergic response in the respiratory system. Sinus congestion occurs in the sinus cavities. These are air-filled pockets in certain regions of the face. The allergen triggers allergic reactions in the body to produce copious amounts of mucus and fluids, which eventually fill and block the sinus cavities, thereby causing the congestion. The symptoms vary from mild to severe. Mild congestion causes trouble breathing, headaches and a heavy feeling in the head. Severe congestion can result in secondary infection, sinusitis, vertigo and a number of other ENT (ear, nose and throat) problems.
Local Swelling of Tissues
Local allergic responses can be observed when an individual touches allergens such as poison ivy or pet hairs. The skin shows the inflammation only where it came into contact with the offending agent. The local swelling, called hives or wheals, are raised and swollen. The same thing happens when an individual eats something they are allergic to, such as peanuts or strawberries. The allergen triggers the mouth and throat to swell and constrict. The latter case is much more serious because it can result in airway obstruction.
Skin Rashes and Redness
Mild allergy symptoms include red rashes and hives on the skin, which can be itchy or slightly swollen. Usually the rashes present on the body part exposed to or touching the offending allergen, for example, cheap jewelry, poison ivy or chemicals. Allergic skin rashes can be treated with over-the-counter medications like 1% hydrocortisone cream or ointment.
Sneezing, Runny Nose
Mild allergic symptoms can include sniffles, sneezing and runny nose or nasal drip. It is important to differentiate between an allergic reaction versus a cold or flu, since they are managed differently and prescribed with different medications.
