According to the National Institute of Mental Health, there are five types of depressive disorders: major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, psychotic depression, postpartum depression and seasonal affective disorder. There are three main types of bipolar disorder: bipolar I, bipolar II and cyclothymic disorder. These disorders are similar in that most of them share the characteristics of depression.
Mood
In all of the disorders listed above, people experience changes in their mood. Bipolar disorders are characterized by periods of depression and mania which affect a person's overall mood. Someone who suffers from bipolar I disorder will likely experience recurring bouts of major depression, while someone who suffers from bipolar II disorder will have experienced at least one episode of major depression. With all of the depressive disorders and most of the bipolar disorders, a person will experience periods of sadness and irritability.
Social and Occupational Effects
These disorders usually affect people socially and occupationally. A person who's depressed may not be able to get out of bed to go to work, finish work projects on time and not be able to concentrate. This could lead to the person being demoted or fired from their job. Also, people who suffer from depression or a bipolar disorder usually have problems in their relationships. It's difficult to maintain healthy relationships when suffering from depression or a bipolar disorder.
Reckless Behavior and Suicide
Some people who are depressed turn to drugs and alcohol to numb their feelings. Likewise, someone who's having a manic episode is more likely to participate in risky behaviors such as using large amounts of drugs, drinking and driving. Sometimes, these episodes drive the sufferer to engage in risky sexual behavior, as well.
Both types of disorders increase a person's risk of attempting or committing suicide. Someone who is depressed may feel hopeless and worthless causing thoughts of suicide. Someone who suffers from a bipolar disorder may suffer from extreme periods of depression and suicidal thoughts.
Treatment
All of these depressive and bipolar disorders can be treated with a combination of therapy and medication. Many people suffering from bipolar disorders receive treatment for years or for their lifetime. Treatment for depression can be short-term or long-term depending on the type of depression, social support systems and more. Medications are different for depression and bipolar disorders, however, as the etiology of these diseases differ. Antidepressants, the common medication for depression, can trigger manic episodes in someone who's bipolar.
