The World Health Organization has defined probiotics as "live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host." In terms of supplementation, probiotics are beneficial bacteria that help maintain the proper balance of intestinal flora. They aid digestive processes and protect the body from harmful bacteria.
Benefits
Evidence leads us to believe that probiotics may help prevent side effects of antibiotics by keeping healthy bacteria levels present in the gut. Intestinal infections such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and H. pylori infections may be treated and resolved more quickly with the use of probiotics. Eczema in children is among the conditions that probiotics may have a beneficial effect on, according to a report from a November 2005 conference held by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Deficiencies
Many digestive symptoms can be related to a deficiency of probiotics. Chronic indigestion, frequent stomach pains and gas can be indicative of such deficits. Diarrhea and constipation that is not linked to infections or acute conditions may also suggest a lack of sufficient probiotics.
Dosages
Following manufacturer-labeled dosing is recommended. Probiotics should usually be taken on an empty stomach. Proper research has not been conducted to determine the amounts of probiotics necessary to achieve clinical results.
Locating Probiotics
Many probiotic supplements are available at health food stores and vitamin shops. These healthy bacteria can also be found as live cultures in yogurt, miso and some soy drinks. Fermented foods and drinks can be a good source as well.
Side Effects and Drug Interactions
Thorough studies have not been completed to test the safety and interactions of probiotics. While many people have used the supplements with no ill effects, more information is needed on safety regarding use by children, the elderly and immunity-compromised patients.
While side effects are not common, mild digestive disturbances can occur, such as gas and bloating. These are usually most common when first beginning to take probiotics as the intestinal flora readjust within the colon.
Current Research
Research is currently being conducted by the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine to test the use of probiotics to treat undernourished children who suffer from diarrhea. Tufts-New England Medical Center also has formed a team to study probiotics as a treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can cause serious infections among hospitalized patients, people living in nursing homes and immunity-compromised individuals.
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