There are three forms of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, usually diagnosed in childhood; type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes; and gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy. The American Diabetes Association stresses the importance of a balanced and healthy diet that the whole family, not just the diabetic, should follow. The FDA's guidelines for a healthy diabetic diet are food variety with an emphasis on whole grains, lean proteins, and a decrease in fat, cholesterol and simple sugars.
Glycemic Index
Diabetics need to watch their blood glucose and insulin levels to prevent drastic fluctuation. The Official Website of the Glycemic Index and GI Database explains the effect that specific carbohydrates have on blood sugar. Choosing carbohydrates with a low glycemic index will maintain long term health. Low glycemic index carbohydrates include non-starchy vegetables, fruits, whole grains and oats. Protein-rich foods such as free-range poultry, lean meat with skin removed and fish are also ideal foods for diabetics.
Benefits
A low-glycemic diet helps a diabetic to manage her insulin sensitivity, control her weight, prevent heart disease and manage overall health. To conform to a low-glycemic diet, eliminate unhealthy carbohydrates in favor of healthy ones. For example, use whole wheat flour rather than white flour. Eat mashed celery root or cauliflower rather than mashed potatoes.
Omissions
Limit foods high in saturated fats, and try to eliminate trans fats completely. Refined packaged snacks and cakes should be avoided. Processed and fried foods are bad for the heart, and diabetics should be especially careful when these foods are concerned. White breads and and other white food products also spike glucose levels and should be substituted with whole wheat.
Misconceptions
Many believe that a diabetic diet is extremely restrictive. This is a common misconception. A diabetic diet includes a variety of healthy foods, and is a healthy eating plan for all people to follow. Because diabetics are at a greater risk of heart disease, the diet is very heart-friendly and should be followed by all who are trying to prevent diabetes, stroke and heart attack.
Considerations
Experts at MayoClinic.com stress the importance of consistency in a diabetic's eating plan. The body reacts to increased calories by increasing blood sugar levels. It is important for a diabetic to try to eat the same amount of calories each day and get on a consistent eating schedule.
