Although a psychologist could ask all the questions contained in a test, the process would be excessively time-consuming. A psychologist could also make a fairly accurate judgment of what the results mean based on her learning and experience. The advantage of tests is that they allow for greater efficiency and accuracy in diagnosing. The psychologist, however, remains responsible for deciding which type of test to perform based on what she suspects the problem is.
Behavior Tests
Behavior tests identify behavioral patterns that may indicate the existence of a psychological disorder. Each test is constructed to identify specific problems being investigated. Some behavior tests, such as the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, measure behavior patterns that indicate developmental disorders such as Asperger's syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. There are numerous specific behavior tests for everything from alcohol abuse (The Alcohol Use Inventory) to obsessive compulsive disorder (The Clark-Beck Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory).
Executive Function Tests
Executive function refers to the mental processes that help us plan, think abstractly, understand rules, behave appropriately and screen out irrelevant sensory information. The frontal lobe of the brain is believed to primarily mediate these functions. Tests such as the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System test measure our ability to use these mental functions.
Memory Tests
Short- and long-term memory is our ability to store, retain and recall information. Working memory is our ability to integrate new information. Working memory relies upon the ability of your brain to process information from your senses.
This first steps in memory relies upon visual working memory and verbal comprehension memory. Short-term memory is created from these first steps. Short-term memory may then become long-term. It is a complex mental process for information to go from sensory processing to long-term memory.
In order to accurately test memory, tests are given such as the Wechsler Memory Scale, which is typically extensive and may be combined with several other tests to get a full picture.
Neuropsychological Tests
Neuropsychology is the study of the central nervous system and brain functioning. These tests are designed to identify abnormalities in the functioning of these systems. Tests like the Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination are used to identify functional impairments that indicate diseases like dementia or degenerative disorders. These tests are also used to assess the amount of brain damage caused by head injuries, strokes or encephalitis. Neuropsychological tests may also be used to assess the cognitive functioning of those with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
Temperament Tests
Temperament tests reveal personal characteristics that influence how you relate to others. This awareness helps you see problems that need to be worked on. Temperament tests like the 16PF measure temperament traits such as composure, inhibition, indifference, dominance, hostility, tolerance, self-discipline and impulsiveness. The goal of these measures is to identify your strengths as well. When you know your strengths, you can use them to make improvement.
References
- "Psychological Testing and Assessment" Ronald Jay Cohen & Mark Swerdlik (2009)
