Methadone is a prescription narcotic medication used to treat pain or prevent withdrawal symptoms in people enrolled in a treatment program to overcome narcotic drug addiction. For these indications, methadone is typically provided as an oral or intravenous (IV) medication. People who take methadone may experience several common side effects. These symptoms typically resolve with continued methadone treatment.
Constipation
People who take methadone may develop constipation as a side effect. Constipation can make it difficult to have a bowel movement and can cause discomfort in some people. Additional symptoms of constipation include abdominal pain, bloating or cramping.
Sweating
Excessive sweating has been reported by people who take methadone, according to "About Methadone and Buprenorphine," a book published in 2006 by the Drug Policy Alliance. Night sweats are commonly experienced with methadone use and may lead to additional symptoms such as dizziness or loss of appetite.
Dry Mouth
Methadone use may cause dry mouth in certain people. If this occurs, the person may also experience additional symptoms including increased thirst or decreased saliva production.
Fatigue
Drowsiness or fatigue may develop as a side effect of this medication. Methadone acts by depressing central nervous system signaling, which can lead to extreme sleepiness in certain people.
Dizziness
Some people who use methadone may experience dizziness or light-headedness, which may cause headache or fainting.
Stomach Upset
Methadone can sometimes cause stomach disruption. Symptoms of stomach upset may include nausea or vomiting.
Skin Swelling
Some people who use methadone develop swelling of the skin. Swelling of the feet, legs, arms or hands can cause pain or discomfort. Increased fluid retention within the skin may also cause weight gain.
Mood Alterations
Using methadone may cause extreme mood alterations in certain people. They may feel extremely euphoric and happy one moment and abnormally depressed or sad a few minutes later. These types of mood swings may have a significant impact on social or personal relationships.
Sleeping Difficulties
Methadone may cause difficulty sleeping, or trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. This may lead to increased daytime sleepiness or may interfere with the ability to efficiently complete daily tasks. Discuss any concerns you may have regarding this medication with your primary care doctor or drug treatment counselor.
References
- "About Methadone and Buprenorphine;" Drug Policy Alliance; 2006
- Medline Plus: Methadone: What Side Effects Can This Medication Cause?
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Methadone
