Combivent is a medication that consists of a formulation of two separate medications. They include albuterol, which acts as a dilator of the bronchi of the lungs, and ipratropium, which also works to dilate the bronchi via a different chemical pathway. Together, their effects are synergistic, and they are used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, all medications have side effects that must be weighed by the patient before beginning therapy.
Allergic Reactions
Acute allergic reactions are a possibility with use of any medication. Examples include swelling of the lips or tongue (known as angioedema), wheezing, urticaria (known as hives) or even anaphylactic shock. If these occur, combivent should be ceased immediately.
Cardiovascular Effects
Due to the albuterol in the medication, effects such as chest pain, increased blood pressure, palpitations and changes in heart rhythm or rate can occur. The incidence of these effects can increase with increased dosage. Albuterol can also result in increased blood potassium levels, which also have similar effects on the heart.
Throat Irritation
Almost all inhaled medications can result in irritation of the throat from local effects of the medication. Resulting symptoms can include cough, hoarseness and sinusitis.
Gastrointestinal Effects
Patients on combivent therapy often report symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, upset stomach and abdominal discomfort. This can be attributable to the effects of the ipratropium in the formulation.
Visual Disruptions
Ipratropium can increase pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), and this can exacerbate existing cases of glaucoma. Eye pain, irritation, blurred vision and a sensation of pressure can result.
General Symptoms
Patients often report symptoms such as increased fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness and weakness. These can be attributable to effects of either albuterol and ipratropium and is best evaluated by your physician.
References
- Combivent (albuterol; ipratropium) inhalation aerosol package insert. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2008 Apr.
- "American Family Physician;" Medications for COPD: A Review of Effectiveness; Volume 76, October 2007.
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