Spinal meningitis is a disease that causes inflammation in the protective layers of the brain and spinal cord called the meninges. It may be caused by a virus or bacteria, though the bacterial form is rare. Because it often progresses quickly, it is important to be aware of the effects of spinal meningitis so that treatment can be sought as soon as possible.
Fever
Spinal meningitis caused by a viral infection may initially mimic the flu. According to the Mayo Clinic, the common early symptoms of the type of viruses that cause spinal meningitis (called enteroviruses) include a sore throat and aches and pains in the joints. A high fever is another common effect of spinal meningitis and is often one of the first symptoms of the disease. A fever alone is not enough to diagnose spinal meningitis; however, if it is accompanied by a headache and a stiff neck, immediate medical attention is necessary.
Headache
The Mayo Clinic reports that headaches are another of the most common complaints of someone with meningitis. Often described as the worst headache they have ever had, headaches associated with spinal meningitis may persist for days.
Stiff Neck
A stiff neck is usually the third common effect of spinal meningitis, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The Mayo Clinic reports that in some infants, the entire body may become stiff. The three main symptoms of spinal meningitis may develop quickly, within hours or days.
Stomach Upset
A person with spinal meningitis may also complain of stomach upset. The Centers for Disease Control report that another potential effect of the disease is nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting. The Mayo Clinic reports that a person who has spinal meningitis may also show an unusual lack of interest in food. In addition, infants with spinal meningitis may seem uninterested in or have difficulties feeding.
Mental Changes
The Centers for Disease Control report that spinal meningitis may cause changes in a person's cognitive function. He may seem confused or have trouble concentrating on tasks. Adults and infants alike with spinal meningitis may also appear to be excessively sleepy. According to the Mayo Clinic, some children with meningitis demonstrate difficulties maintaining eye contact.
Signs in Infants
Because infants cannot inform their parents whether or not they have a headache or a stiff neck, parents must be on the lookout for other effects of spinal meningitis. According to the Centers for Disease Control, common signs of the disease in infants include unusual slowness, a decrease in the amount of typical activity and excessive irritability. The Mayo Clinic adds that infants with spinal meningitis may also cry more than usual and may be more difficult to console.
Seizures
Seizures are a later effect of spinal meningitis. According to the Centers for Disease Control, seizures may occur as spinal meningitis progresses. They can occur in adults, children or infants alike.
Stroke
Medline Plus reports that spinal meningitis caused by bacterial infection can cause blockages in the brain's blood vessels. If a vessel is completely blocked, the person can have a stroke. The effect of a stroke caused by spinal meningitis depends on the extent of damage to brain tissue.
