According to the Mayo Clinic, depression is among the most common health conditions across the globe. Depression affects a person both physically and psychologically. Though it typically begins when a person is in her 20s, depression can affect anyone, including children and the elderly, of any race or background.
Types
There is more than one type of depressive disorder; however, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder are the two most common. Major depressive disorder is what most people think of when they hear the word depression: a psychological condition characterized by feelings of sadness. Dysthymic disorder is similar, but usually with less-severe symptoms. Other depressive disorders include postpartum depression, which occurs for the mother after a birth; psychotic depression, which may include hallucinations or delusions; and seasonal affective disorder (SAD), more common in the winter months.
Causes
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the cause of depression is not entirely understood. The NIMH reports that depression is most likely a combination of factors, including genetics, environmental stressors and other psychological issues. Some people with depression have a chemical imbalance, and others may even have structural differences in their brains. Depressive disorders run in some families. Other episodes are a response to traumatic events in life.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of depression is sadness; however, NIMH clarifies that the sadness associated with depression is persistent. A person who is depressed may have feelings of hopelessness or even worthlessness. For some, sleep and appetite may also be affected. Fatigue, insomnia, weight loss or weight gain are all common symptoms of depression. Other signs that a person is depressed include a lack of interest in his usual activities. NIMH reports that this often includes even sex. Social relationships may suffer, and the person may have difficulties functioning at work or in school.
Treatment
According to the Mayo Clinic, medications and counseling are common treatments for depressive disorders. Typical antidepressant drugs include tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), among others. The NIH reports that some people may also take drugs such as lithium and thyroid medications to boost their antidepressants. However, these are not the only treatments available. Many people treat their depression through psychological counseling. Others prefer herbal remedies, such as St. John's wort. According to the NIH, those who don't respond to the usual depression treatments may find relief with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
Warning
While many people with depressive disorders achieve relief through treatments, some may still find themselves in a crisis situation. The NIMH refers to this as a situation in which someone is considering harming himself or harming another person. Some of the warning signs of a crisis, according to the Mayo Clinic, include drug and alcohol abuse, suicidal thoughts and social isolation. If you think you or someone you know may be in a depressive crisis, seek medical attention immediately.
