Ascites is an abnormal collection of fluid in the abdominal cavity. The fluid collects in the spaces between the tissue that lines the abdomen and abdominal organs. Conditions such as cirrhosis of the liver, congestive heart failure and cancer of abdominal organs cause ascites to occur. Medications and medical procedures, including draining the fluid, are available to treat the condition. The symptoms of ascites are important to recognize for immediate medical treatment of this serious condition.
Abdominal Distension
A person with ascites has a swollen, rounded stomach. The individual may resemble a pregnant woman. The skin on the abdomen is tight. The size of the abdomen is related to the amount of fluid present.
Color
Normal ascites fluid is straw colored or appears clear. Any other color, such as green, black or bloody, indicates an additional medical problem such as an infection or cancer. The color of the ascites fluid is determined when it is aspirated from the abdomen.
Pain
The pressure from the fluid may cause pain for the individual. The tightness of the abdominal skin may also cause discomfort. The discomfort may limit the ability to perform some activities.
Loss of Appetite
The fluid may press on and decrease the available size of the stomach. It may also press the stomach farther up into the chest cavity. This may cause a decrease in appetite or may cause a full feeling after eating a small amount.
Respiratory Distress
Ascites may extend as far as the chest cavity. The presence of the fluid adds pressure to the lungs and may cause the individual to experience difficulty breathing.
Dull Sound
When tapping on the distended abdomen, the fluid makes a dull sound. The sound is audible without special listening devices.
Fluid Wave
A positive fluid wave indicates ascites. To feel the fluid wave, place a hand on one side of the abdomen. Press the opposite side of the abdomen with the other hand, shifting the fluid. The first hand will feel the fluid slosh around in the abdomen.
Hernia
The belly button may flatten or protrude with the fluid in the abdominal cavity. The pressure from the fluid may also cause a hernia in the naval or the groin. A weakened muscle in the abdominal wall causes a hernia. The pressure from ascites causes a portion of the intestine to protrude through the opening.
Edema in the Lower Extremities
Some individuals with ascites may also experience swelling in the feet or ankles.
