Hemorrhoid Mechanism
Hemorrhoids (also sometimes called piles) are the result of veins in the anus and rectum becoming swollen and inflamed. Hemorrhoids can be caused by strain put on the veins during bowel movements or as a result of pregnancy. One of the main risks of hemorrhoids is that they can become irritated or inflamed, which can cause them to be itchy or painful. Many treatments for hemorrhoids work by reducing inflammation to alleviate these symptoms.
Ointments
Most hemorrhoid ointments--available either over-the-counter or by prescription--contain hydrocortisone. These creams are generally used if the symptoms (bleeding, itching and pain) are fairly mild. Hydrocortisone is a potent anti-inflammatory compound, and blocking inflammation can help reduce the size of the hemorrhoids. Hydrocortisone ointments can also help reduce hemorrhoidal irritation from friction or from contact with fecal matter.
Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone works on a cellular level to help reduce some of the signals that cause inflammation. Inflammation is the immune system's response to chemical signals released by damaged cells. Hydrocortisone interacts with the cells' DNA to cause cells to make less of the chemical signals that trigger inflammation and more of the signals that block inflammation. Consequently, hydrocortisone creams can help treat skin problems caused by inflammation. However, hydrocortisone can also cause the skin to become abnormally thin, and can make it harder for the immune system to fight off infections.
