An old cliche says that the eyes are "windows to the soul," but sometimes those windows can become problematic. Bacterial or viral infections can seep into the mucus membranes of the eyes. Sometimes the lenses in the eyes become cloudy, which affects vision. In other instances, the pressure in the eye can become extremely high. Here is some basic information regarding common eye diseases.
Conjuncitivitis
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as "Pink Eye," is an allergic, bacterial or viral infection of the conjunctiva, the pink mucus linings of the eyes. According to the Mayo Clinic, manifestations of conjunctivitis include redness, itchiness and a discharge in one or both eyes. The infection can also leave a gritty sensation, making it feel as if something is stuck in the eye. The eyes can crust over or become sealed shut, especially in the morning. Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis includes antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Treatment is not necessary for viral conjunctivitis, as the infection typically resolves on its own. Antihistamine, decongestant, steroid or anti-inflammatory eye drops are medications that treat allergic conjunctivitis.
Cataracts
The Mayo Clinic identifies a cataract as a clouding of the eye lens. There are three types of cataracts. Nuclear cataracts occur in the lens' center. Cortical cataracts affect the edges of the lens. Subcapsular cataracts affect the area underneath the lens. Cataracts can severely affect the visual field and make the patient feel as if she is looking through a heavy fog. Other cataract manifestations include light sensitivity, blurry or dim vision, double vision (diplopia) in one eye, night blindness and constant changing of prescription contact lenses or glasses. Treatment involves surgical removal of the cataract and subsequent replacement with a transplanted lens.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a disease that causes extreme pressure in the eyes. MedlinePlus notes that there are four types of glaucoma. With open angle glaucoma, the most common form, eye pressure increases over time. This disease is initially asymptomatic until visual loss occurs. It is typically treated with eye drops. Angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency, as aqueous humor (fluid in the eye) accumulates and cannot drain. Permanent visual problems may result if it is left untreated. Specific symptoms include sudden pain in the eye, nausea, vomiting and swollen eyes. Prescription eye drops and intravenous medications are used to rapidly reduce eye pressure. A surgical procedure called an iridotomy is performed in which the surgeon creates a pathway in the iris to relieve pressure. Congenital glaucoma occurs at birth and also prevents fluid from leaking out of the eye. An enlarged or red eye, light sensitivity and tearing are some of its manifestations. Surgery is also used to treat this form of glaucoma. Secondary glaucoma results from the use of corticosteroids and the presence of other medical diseases.
