One major threat to good oral health is gum disease, or periodontitis. Inflammation of the gums extending to the structures of the teeth best defines periodontitis. Advancement of untreated gingivitis is thought to be the causative factor in the development of this particular type of infection. Although gingivitis can be easily treated at home with good, daily oral care, periodontitis requires a more aggressive treatment as directed by a dentist or periodontist.
Gum Symptoms
Healthy gums appear pale pink and are firm. When periodontitis is present, the gums may appear swollen, bright red or purplish. The gum line may recede or pull away from the tooth, according to the Mayo Clinic. The gums may be tender or swollen. Some bleeding, especially when brushing, is common.
Tooth Symptoms
When the gums recede, they expose more of the teeth, making them appear longer than normal. As periodontitis progresses, a majority of the root of a tooth can be exposed. The gum recision is the result of the body trying to fight off the underlying gum infection. Over time, the enzymes used to fight off infection deteriorate the gum tissues and eventually the teeth, explains the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). In time, teeth may become loose or fall out due to the lack of support from the surrounding tissue. Teeth may have more space between them than normal and even fit together differently when the jaw is closed. Like the gums, the teeth may become sensitive to touch or even to temperature and sweets.
Other Symptoms
Periodontitis can cause chronic halitosis (bad breath). It is not uncommon to notice a bad taste in the mouth from the pus from the infection. Pus can form between the teeth or in the pockets that form when the gums pull away from the teeth, explains the NIDCR.
