Acne is a condition that causes pimples and breakouts on the skin. In some cases, acne is mild or moderate and can be treated with over-the-counter or topical prescription treatments from a dermatologist. If acne is particularly severe, the patient may require an oral medication to treat the problem. In some cases, however, oral medication can create serious side effects.
Oral Antibiotics
Oral antibiotics, like tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline, are prescribed orally for severe acne that does not respond to topical acne medications. Sometimes, oral antibiotics are prescribed in conjunction with topical medications. The Mayo Clinic suggests that oral antibiotics are not used long term and are usually prescribed for short periods of time to reduce inflammation and bacteria on the skin. Because patients may develop an immunity to oral antibiotics, when the medication begins working, a dermatologist will often taper the patient off the medication, states the Mayo Clinic. Side effects of oral antibiotics may include sun sensitivity and nausea.
Oral Contraceptives
Oral contraceptives, available only for women, can be prescribed by a dermatologist to treat acne, in some cases. Oral contraceptives work to treat acne by maintaining steady hormone levels, which will reduce breakouts in some women, particularly before and during menstruation. Oral contraceptives may cause side effects like breast tenderness, nausea, headaches and depression, according to the Mayo Clinic. Additionally, oral contraceptives may cause blood clots or stroke in rare cases.
Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin is a prescription medication, also known by the brand name Accutane. Isotretinoin is prescribed by dermatologists for severe acne and works by reducing the skin's oil production. Isotretinoin is not used long term, particularly because it may cause severe side effects. These side effects may include thinning hair, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, sun sensitivity, red eyes, muscle pain and vision problems, according to the Mayo Clinic. Additionally, depression and thoughts of suicide may occur while taking isotretinoin, and patients should be monitored carefully by a doctor. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take isotretinoin.
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