Blisters may result from a variety of causes such as excessive rubbing of the skin, frostbite, sunburn, insect bites, infection, inflammation, allergic reaction and disease. They are fluid-filled sacs that look similar to "bubbles" on the skin. The size of the blister depends on the irritation, but some may be accompanied by itchy, red skin. If there are no other symptoms in conjunction with the blister, an ointment or medicine (depending on the situation) may be all that you need for treatment. However, if other signs of illness such as a fever or chills accompany the blister, you might need more advanced treatment.
A helpful blister kit includes hand soap, antiseptic ointment, a roll of gauze and a couple of pieces of moleskin. The objective of the kit is to protect, clean and prevent further blisters.
What to Look for
Most blisters are preventable. The most obvious suggestion is to avoid the source of irritation. Avert friction blisters by wearing comfortable shoes that fit properly and protect the hands by wearing gloves when doing repetitive or heavy activities. If you're getting a blister, dust cornstarch or apply petroleum jelly to protect the skin from excessive rubbing. Also, cover the irritated area with a piece of athletic tape or moleskin. Finally, apply ice to the skin areas that show signs of irritation.
Be aware of certain types of plants (poison ivy, oak or sumac) or other substances which can cause blistery rashes. Some sources of viral illnesses (chicken pox, cold sores) and bacterial infections (impetigo) may also be spread by physical contact. Avoid contact with those with a known infection that may cause blisters.
Common Pitfalls
Most people want to break the blister since it can be very aggravating, but the best protection is to leave the blister alone. If possible, keep the area uncovered and protect it from further irritation either through a loose bandage or other means such as donut shaped moleskin. If the culprit is a pair of shoes, avoid wearing that style until the blister has healed.
Most blisters will break on there own, but a large blister may need to be drained depending on the location. Before draining, wash the hands thoroughly and use a clean needle, preferably wiped with rubbing alcohol. Gently puncture the blister and press fluid towards hole for drainage. When complete, put an antibiotic ointment on the area and cover with a bandage or gauze. Do not remove the excess skin from the blister. This is a protective barrier on the area and the skin will eventually fall off. Change the bandage regularly to avoid any potential infection and avoid the activity that may have caused the blister until it heals. If the blister has burst, follow the same treatment--keep the area clean, do not remove the excess skin, protect the blister from further irritation and watch for signs of infection.
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