Dry skin (xerosis) can cause itchiness and be irritating both mentally and physically, but it's generally not a serious condition. Rough, dry feet and cracked heels are commonly the result of xerosis. There are a number of things you can do to moisturize dry skin on your face, feet and elsewhere on your body. However, severe cases of dry skin may require the attention of a dermatologist.
Ichthyosis
The vast majority of dry skin cases are caused by controllable or easily treatable factors such as extreme weather conditions (very hot or cold) and excessive showering or bathing. However, according to the Mayo Clinic, a group of skin disorders known as ichthyosis cause dry, silvery scales to form the on the skin. Itcthyosis is commonly inherited from your parents and can last a life time.
Heel Fissures
When the skin on your heels becomes rough and dry it is commonly referred to as fissures. Heel fissures may be caused by skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis as well as prolonged standing and being overweight. Heel fissures may be unattractive, but they are usually of little medical concern. However, deep cracks in the heels can be painful. In some cases they may bleed and become infected.
Diabetic Concerns
According to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, people with diabetes may be more likely to develop dry, rough and cracked feet. This is because high blood glucose levels can prevent nerves in the feet and legs from receiving the message to maintain moisture in the skin.
Moisturizers
Moisturizers act as a sealant to keep water in your skin. Several over-the-counter products have a thick consistency and tend to work well. If you have very dry skin, applying oil (almond, sunflower or baby oil) immediately after showering or bathing can also have potent moisturizing effects. If your skin is scaly, creams that contain lactic acid and urea may help. In the case of rough, dry feet, a pumice stone (porous grooming buffer) can be used in addition to an oil-based moisturizer.
Professional Treatment
If you have an acute skin problem like ichthyosis, your dermatologist may prescribe more-powerful creams and ointments. Professional treatment for cracked heels may include the removal (debriding) of the hardened, thick skin. In extreme cases a dermatologist or podiatrist may use a tissue "paste" to hold the borders of the skin together to expedite the healing of heel fissures.
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