Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has specific diagnostic criteria endorsed by the American Psychiatric Association and published in the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (fourth edition, text revision; DSM-IV-TR). This manual outlines the types of ADHD and their major symptoms. ADHD symptoms must be present for more than six months, in more than one setting, in a manner that is disruptive and not normal for the child's level of development. They must also present themselves before age 7 to meet the criteria.
Inattention
As noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, children with the inattentive subtype of ADHD may have trouble paying attention to details or may make careless mistakes in their work. They may appear to have trouble focusing on tasks or don't listen when being spoken to. Failing to follow through when given instruction is a common symptom, and some children will avoid activities that require sustained mental effort. These children often find it difficult to stay organized and may lose objects needed for their tasks. Schoolwork may suffer through the loss of assignments or not completing homework as assigned. They may be easily distracted and are often forgetful. Frequently changing from one activity to another or becoming bored quickly may be seen. Children with the inattentive type of ADHD may struggle to process information and seem confused, as noted by the National Institutes of Mental Health.
Hyperactivity
The hyperactive child is easy to picture. The National Institutes of Mental Health outlines some characteristics of hyperactivity. These children can be fidgety and have trouble sitting still. Squirming in their seat, tapping fingers and bouncing legs are characteristic. These children seem to be in constant motion, touching and playing with many different things within a short time. They will talk perpetually and have difficulty participating in quiet activities. Older children may report a feeling of being restless or nervous.
Impulsivity
ADHD symptoms in children may present with impulsiveness. These children tend to be impatient and may frequently interrupt others or blurt answers before the question has been completed, as stated in the DSM-IV-TR. Waiting or taking turns can be particularly challenging for children with the impulsive form of ADHD. Impulsive children may not anticipate the consequences of their actions or words, notes the National Institute of Mental Health.
