Dandruff is a common scalp condition that consists of itching; irritation; and dry, flaky skin. Dandruff has many causes, ranging from fungus to disease, but in most cases it can be easily treated by selecting a specially designed dandruff shampoo. When it comes to dandruff shampoos, there are several active ingredients that combat dandruff. Some shampoos require a prescription, but you can find most on the shelves of your local pharmacy or convenience store.
Step 1
Use a shampoo with zinc pyrithione. Zinc pyrithione is a common active ingredient for dandruff shampoos and is considered both an anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent. According to the Mayo Clinic, zinc pyrithione works by killing Malassezia globosa, a fungus responsible for many cases of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
Step 2
Try a shampoo with selenium sulfide. Selenium sulfide works by slowing down the rate at which your skin cells die and slough off, which reduces dandruff flakes. Selenium sulfide also helps reduce the levels of the Malassezia globosa fungus.
Step 3
Use a shampoo with salicylic acid. Salicylic acid works by softening a protein in your scalp called keratin. As salicylic acid reacts with the keratin of the dry and shedding skin cells, it helps release the dry scales from your scalp so you can wash them down the drain. According to the New Zealand Dermatological Society, salicylic acid is typically not used alone in shampoos, and instead is combined in low doses with other active ingredients, such as coal tar and sulphur.
Step 4
Use a ketoconazole shampoo. Ketoconazole shampoos works as an anti-fungal agent and are used when other anti-fungal shampoos are unsuccessful at killing off the Malassezia globosa fungus. Ketoconazole shampoos come in both over-the-counter and prescription strengths, depending on how serious the fungal infection causing the dandruff is.
Step 5
Use a tar-based shampoo. Tar-based shampoos are also commonly used to treat dandruff. Tar-based shampoos work by slowing down the rate at which skin cells die and slough off your scalp. The tar used in these shampoos is a byproduct of the manufacturing process of coal.
Tips and Warnings
- Natural home remedies may also help treat problems with dandruff. For example, a natural anti-fungal remedy for the dandruff causing Malassezia globosa fungus is the use of tea tree oil. Rosemary, grapefruit seed extract and apple cider vinegar are also common home remedies used to treat dandruff.
