Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) causes depressive symptoms that occur at the same time of the year. It most often occurs in the fall and winter months, but some patients have the symptoms in the spring and summer. The symptoms may be mild as the season starts and become more severe throughout the season. Treatment may include counseling, medication or light therapy to stabilize moods and keep people motivated.
Winter Depression Symptoms
Fall and winter signs of SAD may include a drop in energy, fatigue and oversleeping, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. There may be anxiety, irritability and difficulty in concentrating or staying focused. The decreased energy and concentration often occur during the afternoon. The depressive moods may cause social withdrawal and a lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyed by the person. Appetite changes may lead to a craving for sweets or starchy foods. There may be weight gain. The person may have slow and sluggish movements.
Summer Depression Symptoms
Anxiety and irritability are also problems for SAD patients who suffer during spring and summer. There may be a poor appetite that results in weight loss. Agitation is often increased. There may be problems with insomnia. Increased sex drive is also noticed in these SAD patients.
Reverse SAD Symptoms
A reverse form of SAD is related to bipolar disorder, the Mayo Clinic says. This happens to some people in the spring and summer when mania or a less intense form of it appears. The mood is elevated and there is an increase in social activity. Reverse SAD patients exhibit hyperactivity and an unrealistic enthusiasm during normal situations. The person may also have rapid thoughts and racing speech.
Associated Symptoms
Some SAD patients in any season may exhibit symptoms of other forms of depression. They may complain of physical problems, including headaches. There may be feelings of guilt and hopelessness. People suffering from SAD may also have a tendency to turn to alcohol or drugs to relieve symptoms during the affected season. It may be normal for some people to feel sad because of the change in seasons, but it is usually only temporary. SAD patients have the same symptoms year after year throughout the season. People should consider professional help if they find it difficult to get motivated or feel depressed for days at a time, and these feelings happen at the same time of year. People who experience unusual hyperactivity during the spring and summer months may want to consult a doctor to find out if they suffer from the reverse form of the disorder.
