Hot tubs are enjoyable after a difficult workout or a hard day's work. Most people who have them enjoy their warmth and the resulting feelings of relaxation. Hot tubs have been around for centuries and have soothed many tight muscles. They can have hidden germs, however, which pose health risks. Chlorination does not always restrict bacterial growth in hot tubs. It is estimated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that 60 percent of hot tubs in the United States can cause illness.
Pseudomonas Bacteria
Pseudomonas bacteria grow in hot tubs that are not properly chlorinated. Diabetes increases the risk of becoming infected with Pseudomonas bacteria, which is called a hot tub folliculitis. Folliculitis, an infection of the hair follicles, is characterized by a red, bumpy rash and can cause hair loss and scars that are permanent. It can occur where the edges of your swimsuit rub against your skin, causing irritation. If the water is not properly chlorinated, Pseudomonas bacteria can infect you there.
Mycobacterium
Another bacteria found in hot tubs is called Mycobacterium avium (M. avium). This bacteria is related to the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB) and in this case has been termed "hot tub lung." It can induce a fever, chills, a cough and tightness in the chest of those infected. It also causes tiredness and fatigue. When people breathe in the air bubbles from the hot tub, they can become infected if the bacteria is present. This illness, if left untreated, can be fatal.
Legionnaire's Disease
Another infection of the lungs can occur in the same way as M. avium in hot tubs. The bacteria is called Legionella bacteria and can be inhaled from the steam from a hot tub. Antibiotics typically can handle the infection, but it also has been known to be fatal in some people.
Other Risks
Other risks you take when you step into a hot tub may depend on your gender. For example, if you are a woman and are pregnant, you could risk neural tube birth defects in your unborn child, particularly during the first three months of pregnancy. If you are a man, your sperm count may fall because of the excessive heat of a hot tub. This can cause problems if you are trying to conceive a child with your partner.
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