A large number of sexually active teens are either not using birth control or not using it correctly. According to KidsHealth.org, an estimated 750,000 adolescent girls become pregnant each year in the United States. In the vast majority of these cases, the pregnancies were unplanned. The only birth control that is 100 percent effective is abstinence. However, there are a number of highly effective contraceptive methods available for teens who make the decision to begin having sex.
Considerations
There are several common reasons a teenager may be apprehensive about seeking out and using birth control. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) says an adolescent may be fearful of going to the doctor to ask for contraceptives, afraid their parents might find out. Some teens worry about their partners' thoughts on contraceptives. Often a teen simply doesn't think sexual activity will lead to pregnancy.
Privacy Concerns
The majority of states permit minors (under age 18) to obtain oral contraceptives and other birth control devices without the consent of their parents. However if a teenager uses her parents' health insurance to pay for a doctor's visit or a contraceptive prescription, her actions may be noted on the bill her parents receive. A family planning clinic such as Planned Parenthood may provide confidential birth control at no cost.
Hormonal Methods
Most sexually active teens who use birth control choose hormonal methods, such as the pill, shot, skin patch or vagina ring. These methods work by altering a woman's hormonal cycle to prevent fertilization of the egg. When used correctly and consistently, hormonal methods of birth control prevent pregnancy approximately 99 percent of the time. Hormonal birth control requires a doctor's prescription.
Barrier Methods
Barrier methods are a frequently used means of birth control among teenagers, largely because they are so easily accessible. Barriers work by blocking sperm from entering the uterus and fertilizing the woman's egg. They include vaginal spermicides, sponges and male and female condoms. The female condom is a thin plastic pouch that lines the vagina. The male condom (rubber) is the most popular barrier method among teenagers. Barrier devices are sold over-the-counter at drug stores. They are effective against pregnancy 85 to 98 percent of the time, depending on which method is used.
Outlook
A sexually active teen who doesn't use birth control is essentially asking for trouble.The Feminist Women's Health Center says a teenage girl who has unprotected sex has a 90 percent chance of becoming pregnant within one year.
