Metformin hydrochloride is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of drugs called biguanides. It is approved for the treatment of type II diabetes when diet and exercise are not sufficient in controlling blood sugar levels. Metformin has three functions in the body. One is to decrease the amount of glucose, or sugar, produced by the liver; the second is to decrease the amount of glucose absorbed by the intestine; the third is to increase sensitivity to insulin and thereby encourage more effective utilization. Metformin has many common side effects associated with its administration.
Diarrhea and Vomiting
Metformin has the potential to cause several gastrointestinal side effects. According to the "Drug Information Handbook," diarrhea is common and can occur in 10 percent to 53 percent of individuals. Flatulence may be present as well and is seen in 12 percent of people. Nausea and vomiting can occur in up to 25 percent of individuals. In about 6 percent of people, abdominal discomfort and indigestion is seen. A metallic tastes in the mouth is another potential side seen in about 10 percent of individuals. One way to help control these adverse effects is to eat small, frequent meals and to take metformin hydrochloride with food. Chewing gum or sucking on hard candy can help with taste disturbances and nausea. Talk to your doctor if these symptoms are a major concern.
Weakness and Dizziness
Metformin hydrochloride can cause weakness in about 9 percent of users and headaches may occur in up to 6 percent of cases. Dizziness or lightheadedness may also be present. Be sure to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Metformin hydrochloride has the potential to block the absorption of vitamin B12 in the body. In about 7 percent of people, this may lead to a vitamin B12 deficiency. Your doctor will monitor your levels and prescribe supplements if necessary.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can occur while taking metformin hydrochloride. Dizziness, weakness, nervousness, shaking, and sweating are signs of hypoglycemia and require attention. Make sure you carry hard candy to help raise you blood sugar to a normal level. Beta-blockers, which are drugs used to lower blood pressure, can mask the signs of hypoglycemia. It is important to tell your health care provider all the medications you take.
References
- "Drug Information Handbook 15th Edition"; Charles F. Lacy, RPh, PharmD, FCSHP, Lora L. Armstrong, RPh, PharmD, BCPS. et al; 2007
- "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"; Joseph T. Dipiro, Robert L. Talbert, et al; 2008
Member Comments