A burning sensation in the chest after eating a meal usually means you are one of the millions of Americans who has experienced acid reflux. Acid reflux is a common condition that causes more discomfort than actual health risks. However, acid reflux can progress into GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), which is a much more serious condition that requires medical treatment.
Acid Reflux
Acid reflux is the result of the contents of the stomach (which are acidic) flowing back into the esophagus, which is the tract that connects the stomach and the mouth. The esophagus is not designed to withstand stomach acid, so it is chemically burned. This can cause pain in the chest. When the contents of the stomach travel all of the way up the esophagus, they can cause a sour taste to appear in the back of the patient's mouth.
Acid Reflux Vs. GERD
Although acid reflux and GERD are closely related, they are not the same thing. As the Mayo Clinic explains, GERD is a term that is typically reserved for severe or frequent acid reflux. Occasional acid reflux is common and is not considered to be a major health problem. GERD on the other hand can be dangerous because it can cause permanent changes to the lining of the esophagus that can lead to serious complications.
Acid Reflux Treatments
Occasional acid reflux can usually be treated with some relatively minor lifestyle changes. Patients can prevent acid reflux by eating smaller meals and avoiding spicy and fatty foods. Acid reflux can also be triggered by consumption of alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and peppermint so the intake of these compounds should be limited. Acid reflux can be treated using over-the-counter medications, such as antacids, H2 receptor blockers (such as cimetidine) and proton pump inhibitors (such as omeprazole).
GERD Complications
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, chronic GERD can cause a number of health problems. When left untreated, the frequent acid burns in the esophagus can cause scar tissue to accumulate leading to esophageal strictures. Esophageal strictures cause the esophagus to become narrow and makes it difficult to swallow. GERD can also cause a condition known as Barrett's esophagus and it causes the cells of the esophageal lining to become altered. This leads to an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer.
GERD Treatment
GERD can be treated using some of the same medications as those used for acid reflux. Because GERD is a more severe form of acid reflux, some patients will need to take prescription strength forms of these medications. Surgery may also be required for patients whose GERD is not controllable using medications and lifestyle changes. These surgical techniques work to strengthen the muscles that keep stomach acid from entering the esophagus.
