The College of American Pathologists defines cervical dysplasia as the growth of abnormal cells on the surface of the lining of the cervix. If cervical dysplasia is not treated, it can develop into cervical cancer. Treatment for cervical dysplasia depends on various factors, including the grade and spread of the dysplasia, whether high-risk human papillomavirus is present and other factors in your health history.
Colposcopy
If you have an abnormal pap test or if the pap test shows dysplasia, a colposcopy will be performed to examine the cervix more closely. A colposcopy is a short, in-office procedure that enables the doctor to identify any abnormal cells and biopsy them, if necessary. First, the doctor will apply a vinegar solution to the cervix, which highlights abnormal cells under a special light. A colposcope, similar to a big microscope, is then used to examine the surface of the cervix. Under the light, abnormal cells look white and healthy cells are pink. If any abnormal cells are seen, a biopsy will be done.
LEEP
A loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) might be done, depending on the severity of the cervical dysplasia and your past gynecological health. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists describes LEEP as a procedure that uses a wire loop that has an electric current to pass through the abnormal areas of the cervix and remove them. Many times, LEEP can be performed in-office with local anesthesia. After the procedure, a paste-like substance is placed on the cervix to stop any bleeding. Common side effects are a watery pink discharge, cramping and a brownish discharge.
Cone Biopsy or Conization
In the procedure known as a cone biopsy or conization, a doctor will surgically excise a cone-shaped piece of your cervix that will remove the dysplasia and a small area around it. This can be done if the dysplasia is in a small place or if the cervical cancer is in a small confined space and a woman wants to preserve her fertility. This procedure is is done under general anesthesia.
