Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia that interferes with normal functioning, according to the Mayo Clinic. It states that 5 percent of people between the ages of 65 and 74 years old have Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's sufferers typically develop memory loss, trouble finding words to say, disorientation and problems with judgment. There is no cure for Alzheimer's, but certain medications such as rivastigmine can temper its symptoms. Unfortunately, complications from Alzheimer's disease arise over time.
Pneumonia
The Mayo Clinic states that Alzheimer's sufferers can develop trouble swallowing foods or drinking liquids. Sometimes, this can lead to inhalation of the food or liquid inadvertently into the airways or lungs, which in turn can lead to pneumonia. Pneumonia refers to a bacterial, fungal or parasitic-induced inflammation of the lungs. Specific symptoms of pneumonia include a fever, cough, shortness of breath, chills, chest pain with inhalation (pleurisy), headache, fatigue and muscle pain.
Treatment for pneumonia involves taking antibiotic or antifungal medications to eliminate any bacteria in the respiratory tract. Sometimes, hospitalization may be necessary to receive intravenous (through the vein) antibiotics if the pneumonia is severe enough.
Urinary Tract Infections
People with Alzheimer's disease may need a urinary catheter to help manage urinary incontinence. A catheter is a tube placed into the urethra (where the urine exits). Sometimes, this tube can foster bacterial growth and therefore, a urinary tract infection. MedlinePlus states that symptoms of a urinary tract infection include a low fever, burning pain with urination, cramping of the lower stomach and chills. As the infection progresses, a urinary tract infection can lead to fatigue, fever, confusion, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and groin pain.
Antibiotic medications such as trimethoprim-sulfa are used to manage urinary tract infections.
Falls
Because one symptom of Alzheimer's disease is disorientation, it is not uncommon for those who suffer from it to lose their balance and fall. Head and back injuries and broken bones may result. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, more than 11 million people older than age 65 fall. In fact, it states that 60 percent of people fall at home, 30 percent fall in the community and 10 percent fall in nursing homes.
It is important to clear the patient's surroundings of any potential hazards that may lead to tripping and falling.
