A food allergy is an immune system disorder that causes allergic reactions in response to physical contact or digestion of certain foods. According to the Mayo Clinic, food allergies vary in intensity from mildly uncomfortable to life-threatening; reactions typically occur within minutes of consuming an allergen. If you believe you may have a food allergy, proper medical testing is recommended.
Skin Problems
Skin problems, such as rash, hives, eczema and itching, are common food allergy symptoms. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), many people mistake food intolerance for food allergies. Food allergies generally affect the skin as well as the digestive system and begin not more than two hours past digestion of the allergen. If after consuming a particular food or ingredient you develop a bump, itchy rash (known as hives) or itchy, scaly dermatitis (known as eczema), you may have a food allergy. If your symptoms are mild or moderate, you may wish to avoid foods you suspect may have caused your reaction until you see a doctor who can test you appropriately. If your symptoms are severe, immediate medical attention is suggested.
Inflammation
Inflammation, or swelling, is another common food allergy reaction. According to the Mayo Clinic, swelling generally takes place in the lips, the eyelids, the face, the tongue or the throat, although other body parts may swell as well. If swelling is mild or moderate, medical attention is suggested but not urgent. The potential allergen should be avoided until proper testing has occurred. However, if the swelling occurs in the throat and restricts the airway, causing breathing difficulties, it may be indicative of a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis, also known as anaphylactic shock. Anaphylaxis may be life-threatening, and immediate medical attention is required.
Dizziness or Fainting
Many individuals with food allergies experience dizziness after consuming an allergen. If dizziness, or light-headedness, is severe, the person may faint. Although such a reaction may indicate a mild to moderate food allergy, these are also symptoms of anaphylactic shock. For this reason, such symptoms should be taken seriously and immediate medical attention should be sought.
Some people's food allergy symptoms are triggered by exercise. Exercise stimulates circulation in the body, which may further allergy symptoms and induce light-headedness or other symptoms. Although the reaction can be serious, not eating for approximately two hours prior to exercise and avoiding potential allergens may prevent reactions, the Mayo Clinic says.
