Retin-A is one of the more familiar brand names for the topical medication tretinoin, which is used to treat acne that's mild to moderately severe. Approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration in the early 1970s, this prescription medication can be highly effective in resolving acne, according to the American Academy of Dermatology, especially when used in conjunction with other treatments. However, Retin-A can cause irritation to the skin when used improperly.
Understanding Acne
The American Academy of Dermatology identifies the four "key players" in acne formation as excess sebum production, clogged pores, bacteria and inflammation. When the oil in your skin mixes with the dead skin cells shed in the hair follicle, this forms a plug. When the bacteria normally present on the skin's surface get trapped in the mix, the unattractive lesion known as a pimple can erupt. Acne medications fight various causes of acne. For example, the AAD notes that oral antibiotics reduce the population of bacteria on the skin. Retin-A works in another way, however: This topical medication expedites the turnover of skin cells, ensuring that pores remain unplugged.
Retin-A, Tretinoids & Retinoids
Retin-A is a type of tretinoin that falls under the broader category of topical retinoids, medications derived from Vitamin A. Adapalene and tazarotene are synthetic retinoids, performing the same function as Retin-A. However, Retin-A and the rest of the tretinoin family are natural retinoids. Tretinoin was the first retinoid approved by the FDA for topical use, according to the AAD. Other tretinoins include Tretin-X, Atralin, Avita, Refissa and Renova. The AAD points out that many patients have found that older tretinoins cause too many harsh side effects, so make sure to ask your dermatologist if Retin-A is right for you.
Using Retin-A
Doctors may prescribe Retin-A in a variety of different forms--gel, liquid, solution or cream. The more typical side effects associated with Retin-A use include dryness, redness, peeling and burning. The Mayo Clinic notes that these symptoms can be exacerbated if other products are used, such as a product that contains a peeling agent (like salicyclic acid or sulfur), hair removal products and hair permanent solutions, and skincare products that contain spices, limes or an abundance of alcohol. Acne may get worse before it gets better, particularly during the first three weeks of use. The Mayo Clinic notes that when using Retin-A, it can take up to three months before acne begins to resolve.
Protocol
Minimizing side effects requires diligent attention to proper use and application of Retin-A. The Mayo Clinic indicates that the skin should be washed with a mild cleanser 20 to 30 minutes before using Retin-A. Only a pea-sized amount of the medication is needed if using a cream or gel. Retin-A should not be applied to sensitive areas of the skin, such as the area around the eyes, the mouth or inside the nostrils.
Precautions
Retin-A makes your skin more sensitive to sunlight and the elements, particularly during the first two or three weeks of use. The Mayo Clinic advises avoiding exposure to UV rays, as well as windy and cold weather. Tanning beds and sun lamps should also be avoided. Before going outside, put on a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of at least 15. The Mayo Clinic also advises wearing clothing that protects uncovered skin, as well as hats to shield the face from the sun. If your skin continues to remain irritated, a doctor should be contacted. A medical professional can help you select the right oil-free skincare moisturizers and creams to minimize undesirable side effects.
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