More than 2 million Americans are diagnosed with bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, according to Psychology Information Online. While this disorder has a variety of stages, or classes, not everyone who is diagnosed will experience every stage or symptoms. However, to properly manage and treat this disorder, it is imperative to be aware of what may happen as a result of this condition.
Hypomania
Hypomania is a less severe form of mania and may act as a prelude to manic episodes. People experiencing moments of hypomania may not even realize a problem exists because it can be mistaken for moments of sheer happiness. Those in a hypomania state often have greater amounts of energy but are not hyperactive. Creativity tends to flow, as does optimism, and people in this stage usually are productive and feel good.
The downside to episodes of hypomania is the loss of inhibition and the tendency to throw caution to the wind. Some people may be more free sexually or choose to spend a weekend gambling away the money in their savings account. In addition, if the person suffering from hypomania does not get his way, he may become impatient and argumentative, showing his irritable side. These episodes are short-lived--approximately four days, according to Depression Guide--and the person who experiences them may do so for weeks, months or years before displaying symptoms of another bipolar stage.
Mania
Psychology Information Online describes manic episodes as a period of time when moods are elevated but not because of substances or medical conditions. These episodes generally last for one week. While the symptoms mirror those of hypomania, they are on a more grandiose level.
The euphoria feels good initially, but it tends to spin out of control, taking over the person's thoughts and actions. If she acted recklessly during a hypomania episode, it will be even worse during a manic episode, to the point where she may be jeopardizing her own well-being. Not only may she become sexually promiscuous, she also may begin to abuse illegal substances or medications. She may believe she is completely invincible and try jumping from dangerous heights to prove this. She will sleep very little and be on the go constantly. Her thoughts race, and her mind will jump from one idea to the next.
Toward the end of her episode, she will begin lashing out against those who try correcting her behavior or preventing her from doing as she wishes for her safety. This may lead to unnecessary fights, both verbal and physical. In most cases, delusions and hallucinations occur, causing her to lose touch with reality. Many patients need to be hospitalized.
Depressive Episodes
After both a hypomania or manic episode, it is common for a major depressive episode to follow. Depending on the type of bipolar diagnosis, this can last for a week or more or can occur on occasion.
Symptoms of a depressive episode include instant feelings of hopelessness or sadness. Instead of the feelings of boundless energy, there is no energy at all; a complete lack of motivation takes over. While fatigue is constant, sleep problems are common, according to HelpGuide. Appetite also is affected, which also can affect weight. A loss of interest in usual activities, including sex, is common as well, and feelings of optimism are replaced with pessimism.
Toward the end of these episodes, a patient generally will have thoughts of suicide and may even attempt it. It is during this time that he may need to be watched carefully to ensure his safety.
