Cushing's disease is also called Cushing's syndrome or hypercortisolism. It occurs when the body has too much natural or artificial cortisol, a stress hormone. This can happen for various reasons, such as having a tumor that causes the body to make too much cortisol or having an illness that must be treated with artificial cortisol.
Rounded, Puffy Face
The patient with Cushing's syndrome has a rounded, puffy face. This condition is often referred to as "moon face." The National Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Information Service states that excess fat may accumulate around the neck as well.
Hump Betweeen Shoulders
Another cardinal sign of Cushing's is a hump of fat between the shoulders, sometimes called a "buffalo hump." The upper trunk may have a wide distribution of fat, while the arms and legs are of average size or slender.
Thin Skin
Thin skin becomes apparent with the progression of Cushing's syndrome. Skin on the arms and legs tears easily, leaving open, exposed areas. Bruises are common and take a long time to heal, as do bites or other injury to the skin. Stretch marks may appear on the arms, thighs, breasts or stomach, and the face may appear red or develop acne.
Fatigue
The person with Cushing's syndrome is frequently fatigued and may have severe muscular weakness. This may limit activities.
High Blood Pressure
Elevated blood pressure is a serious manifestation of Cushing's syndrome. For the patient who already has pre-existing high blood pressure, it may worsen significantly.
Sexual-Related Problems
For men, erectile dysfunction is a possibility. Men may also become less fertile and lose interest in sexual activity. According to Mayo Clinic, a woman may lose some of her sexual interest, and her menstrual cycle may change or stop altogether. She may begin to grow noticeable hair on her chest, stomach, thighs, face or neck.
Elevated Blood Sugar
High blood sugar is often noted in patients with Cushing's disease. This may be accompanied by a feeling of thirst and a need to urinate often.
Thin Bones
The bones may thin over time, leading to easy fractures. The ribs and spine are especially susceptible to fractures.
Mood Changes
People around the patient with Cushing's may notice a change in mood or personality, such as easy irritability. The patient may feel depressed or anxious without understanding why. Headaches may also occur.
